Wednesday 24 August 2016

Network Hierarchies (Types by Architecture)




The connections between the various PCs in a network also can fit one of two logical
hierarchies. The alternatives form a class system among PCs. Some networks treat all
PCs the same; others elevate particular computers to a special, more important role.
Although the network server the same role in either case, these two hierarchical
systems enforce a few differences in how the network is used.

Peer-to-Peer Networks
Peer-to-Peer means that there is no dedicated file server as you would find in big,
complex networks. All PCs can have their own, local storage, and each PC is (or can
be) granted access to the disk drives and printers connected to the others. Even in Peer-to-Peer networks, some PCs are likely to be more powerful than others or have largerdisk drives or some such distinction.

The advantage of Peer-to-Peer is , no need to by an expensive file server. Not only will
that save cash, it can give you the security of redundancy. The failure of a server puts
an entire network out of action. The failure of network peer only eliminates that peer;
the rest of the network continues to operate. And also we can duplicate the data on two
or more peers.

Client / Server Networks
A Client / Server network provides for centralized control of network resources. One or more computers, called Servers, share the resources on the network. All other computers, called clients or workstations, uses the resources. Most modern servers are designed to be fault-tolerant. That is, they will continue to run without interruption despite a fault, such as the failure of a hardware subsystem. Most servers also use the most powerful available microprocessors, not from need but because the price difference is tiny once the additional ruggedness and storage are factored in-and because most managers think that the single most important PC in a network should be the most powerful.

Peer-to-Peer Networks
(Suitable for Small to Medium Size Organizations)
Advantages :
1. No dedicated server.
2. Less expensive.
3. Easy to install and maintain.
4. Good file, printer, and CD-ROM sharing.
Disadvantages:
1. Slow operation.
2. Not good for database applications.
3. Less reliable (server is workstation).
4. Low Security
5. Limited expandability.
Client / Server Networks
(Suitable for Medium to Large Size Organizations)
Advantages :
1. Fast operation.
2. Expandable.
3. Will work with any application.
4. Handles shared database applications.
5. More reliable (dedicated server).
6. Highest level of security.
7. Applications can be shared.
Disadvantages:
1. Needs dedicated server.
2. More expensive to buy.
3. More expensive to maintain

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